NGO online disclosures index in the presence of auxiliary information.

This study highlights the need for analysis of online disclosure practices followed by non-governmental organizations; furthermore, it justifies the crucial role of potential correlates of online disclosure practices followed by non-governmental organizations. We propose a novel index for analyzing the extent of online disclosure of non-governmental organizations (NGO). Using the information stored in an auxiliary variable, we propose a new estimator for gauging the average value of the proposed index. Our approach relies on the use of two factors: imperfect ranked-set sampling procedure to link the auxiliary variable with the study variable, and an NGO disclosure index under simple random sampling that uses information only about the study variable. Relative efficiency of the proposed index is compared with the conventional estimator for the population average under the imperfect ranked-set sampling scheme. Mathematical conditions required for retaining the efficiency of the proposed index, in comparison to the imperfect ranked set sampling estimator, are derived. Numerical scrutiny of the relative efficiency, in response to the input variables, indicates; if the variance of the NGO disclosure index is less than the variance of the estimator under imperfect ranked set sampling, then the proposed index is universally efficient compared to the estimator under imperfect ranked set sampling. If the condition on variances is unmet, even then the proposed estimator remains efficient if majority of the NGO share online data on the auxiliary variable. This work can facilitate nonprofit regulation in the countries where most of the non-governmental organizations maintain their websites.

A comparative survey for assessing Rashidabad city hospitals quality with District Headquarter Hospital.

Patients are the key stakeholders of any hospital and it is important to satisfy them. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of hospitals within Rashidabad; a town in rural Sindh operated by Rashid Memorial Welfare Organization (RMWO), with District Headquarter hospital Tando Allahyar. A cross sectional survey, based on a questionnaire designed in congruence with literature, regarding the hospital quality was conducted on 150 patients in October 2016. The target population was defined as patients getting treatment at hospitals within Rashidabad; whose estimate was reported by RMWO as 2000 per week. Hospital quality index (HQI) was framed in the light of quality of staff, ward, pain management practices and hygiene which includes food. Logistic Regression was applied on HQI that showed dependence of perception about hospital quality on age, hospital location and patient's health. Results were significantly in favour of hospitals within Rashidabad.

A new disclosure index for Non-Governmental Organizations.

Website of Non-governmental organization (NGO) is a focal medium of sharing information in response to transparency demands and addressing trust deficits between stakeholders. Many researchers have proposed accountability approaches to measure information sharing trends through websites. This article discusses a new index to measure online disclosure trends along with the theoretical properties of the index and a practical application of data from NGOs working in Pakistan. The websites have been coded in 2016. Results show that NGOs with branch offices have better disclosure scores than single-office NGOs, and international NGOs score better than local NGOs. NGOs that are more often the subject of newspaper reports have better disclosure trends.